Extending and Shrinking Windows Server 2008 R2 Partitions and Volumes
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Now that we have covered process of initializing and partitioning disks we will devote this chapter to looking at the steps involved in shrinking and enlarging the sizes of existing disk partitions on a Windows Server 2008 R2 system. It is important to note that only volumes formatted with the NTFS file system can be shrunk using Windows Server 2008 R2 Disk management tools outlined in this chapter.
Shrinking a Windows Server 2008 R2 Partition Using Disk Management
The partitions on a disk may be shrunk to a smaller size using the Disk Management snap-in or from the command prompt using the diskpart tool. The snap-in can be accessed either from the Server Manager or Computer Management tools. To launch the Server Manager open the Start menu and click on the Server Manager option, or click on the Server Manager icon in the task bar. Alternatively launch Computer Management from Start -> All Programs -> Administration Tools -> Computer Management or run compmgmt.csc. <google>WIN28BOX</google> Within Disk Management right click on the volume to that needs to be resized and select Shrink Volume... from the popup menu to invoke the Shrink dialog as shown below:
If the Shrink Volume… menu option is disabled it is likely that the volume is formatted with a FAT based file system and, as such, cannot be reduced in size using these techniques.
Specify the amount by which the volume is to shrink and click on the Shrink button to initiate the resize.
Shrinking a Partition from the Command Line
In addition to the Disk Management interface, Windows Server 2008 R2 allows disk volumes and partitions to be shrunk from the command-line using the diskpart tool. Invoke this tool by typing diskpart at a command prompt or in a Run dialog box. The tool will start and display a DISKPART> prompt. Note that if you are logged in as a user without administrative privileges it will be necessary to run the command prompt with elevated privileges in order to make any changes to the disk layout. To do so, right click the command prompt icon in the Start menu and select Run as administrator from the resulting menu.
The first step is to identify the disks on the system. This information is obtained using the list disk command:
DISKPART> list disk Disk ### Status Size Free Dyn Gpt -------- ---------- ------- ------- --- --- Disk 0 Online 30 GB 0 B Disk 1 Online 10 GB 0 B
For the purposes of this tutorial we will be working on a partition on disk 1. To select the required disk use the select disk command:
DISKPART> select disk 1 Disk 1 is now the selected disk.
Having selected the disk the next step is to select the partition which is to be reduced in size. To obtain a list of partitions on the selected disk the list partition command is used:
DISKPART> list partition Partition ### Type Size Offset ------------- ---------------- ------- ------- Partition 1 Primary 1000 MB 1024 KB Partition 2 Primary 1000 MB 1001 MB Partition 3 Primary 998 MB 2001 MB Partition 0 Extended 7238 MB 3001 MB Partition 4 Logical 1000 MB 3002 MB Partition 5 Logical 6236 MB 4003 MB
For this example we are going to shrink partition 3 so need to select this partition using select partition:
DISKPART> select partition 3 Partition 3 is now the selected partition.
With the appropriate disk and partition selected the next task is to identify the amount by which the partition can be reduced. To aid in this calculation the diskpart shrink querymax command is used:
DISKPART> shrink querymax The maximum number of reclaimable bytes is: 448 MB
As indicated in the above output, the partition may be reduced in size by a total of 448Mb. To perform the size reduction the shrink desired command is used:
DISKPART> shrink desired 447 DiskPart successfully shrunk the volume by: 447 MB
The partition has now successfully been reduced in size.
Extending a Partition Using Disk Management
The above screen lists any disks which are available to assign space to the partition being extended. In the case of dynamic disks, space may be allocated from any disks available on the system. In the case of basic disks only space from the current disk are available. Since this is a basic disk the current disk drive is already placed in the Selected column. Define the amount of space to use for the volume extension using the Select the amount of space in MB field. If the Next button is disabled it means that more space has been requested than is available on the disk. Reduce the size of the space until the Next button is enabled and click on it to proceed to the summary screen. Assuming the summary matches the requirements of the extension click on Finish to extend the volume.
Extending a Partition from the Command Line
As with shrinking partitions, Windows Server 2008 R2 allows disk volumes and partitions to be extended from the command-line using the diskpart tool. Invoke this tool by typing diskpart at a command prompt or in a Run dialog box. The tool will start and display a DISKPART> prompt.
The first step is to identify the disks on the system. This information is obtained using the list disk command:
DISKPART> list disk Disk ### Status Size Free Dyn Gpt -------- ---------- ------- ------- --- --- Disk 0 Online 30 GB 0 B Disk 1 Online 10 GB 0 B
For the purposes of this tutorial we will once again be working on a partition on disk 1. To select the required disk use the select disk command:
DISKPART> select disk 1 Disk 1 is now the selected disk.
Having selected the disk the next step is to select the partition which is to be extended. To obtain a list of partitions on the selected disk the list partition command is used:
DISKPART> list partition Partition ### Type Size Offset ------------- ---------------- ------- ------- Partition 1 Primary 1000 MB 1024 KB Partition 2 Primary 1000 MB 1001 MB Partition 3 Primary 551 MB 2001 MB Partition 0 Extended 7238 MB 3001 MB Partition 4 Logical 1000 MB 3002 MB Partition 5 Logical 6236 MB 4003 MB
For this example we are going to extend partition 3 so need to select this partition using select partition:
DISKPART> select partition 3 Partition 3 is now the selected partition.
With the appropriate disk and partition selected the next task is to decide on the amount by which the partition can be extended. The extend command be used in a number of different ways. For example, a partition may be extended by a specified number of MB by using the size= option. For example, to increase the size of a partition by 3GB:
DISKPART> extend size=3000 There is not enough usable free space on specified disk(s) to extend the volume.
Clearly, in this case, the disk does not have sufficient free space to fulfill our extension request. An alternative approach is to let diskpart allocate all the available space to the selected partition. This avoids the need to know how space is actually available:
DISKPART> extend DiskPart successfully extended the volume.
In the case of dynamic disks, the extend command can also be used to allocated disk space from other disk drives (a concept known as a spanned volume). In this case the disk= directive must be specified as part of the extend command. For example to extend the currently selected partition (on disk 1) by 6GB using space from disk 2:
DISKPART> extend size=6000 disk=2
More detailed information on dynamic disks and spanned volumes can be found in Creating and Managing Simple and Spanned Volumes on Windows Server 2008 R2.
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