Managing Windows Server 2008 Disk Quotas

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Even in today's world of cheap and abundant disk storage space it is still important to monitor and control the disk space usage of users. This is especially important in enterprise environments where the sheer number of users can quickly consume even the largest quantities of disk space. As such this chapter of Windows Server 2008 Essentials will cover the topic of configuring and managing disk quotas on Windows Server 2008 in detail.

An Overview of Disk Quotas

First, it is important to appreciate that disk quotas are actually a feature of the NTFS disk file system rather than a specific feature of Windows Server 2008, although Windows does provide the tools necessary to configure and manage disk quotas.

In essence, disk quotas allow Windows administrators to monitor and control the use of disk space by users. Disk quotas can be deplayed in a number of different ways depending on the requirements of the administrator:

  • Disk Usage Monitoring - Allows the administrator to monitor the usage of disk space on a user by user basis. No action is taken by the operating system to warn users that they are approaching a limit or prevent further disk writing when the limit is exceeded.
  • Disk Usage Monitoring and Warning - Also allows the administrator to monitor disk usage but also warns offending users when their disk usage on a particular volume exceeds a specified limit.
  • Disk Usage Enforcement - Allows monitoring of disk usage, issues warnings top users when thresholds are reached and denies disk space when the user exceeds limit.

Disk quotas are configured on a per-volume basis. it is not, therefore, possible to specify a quota that encompasses multiple volumes. Once a volume has disk quotas specified, those quotas apply to all users of the volume unless exceptions are configured for individual users. For example, a user in the video editing department would probably need more disk space than someone in the accounts department. Members of the Administrators group can never be denied access to disk space. The most an administrator will ever receive is a warning.

Configuring Disk Quotas

Since disk quotas are a feature built into NTFS, any volume on which quotas are to be configured must be formatted as NTFS. Assuming this to be case, disk quotas may be enabled on a volume from within the Disk Management interface via Computer Management. This is accessed by selecting Start -> All Programs -> Administrative Tools -> Computer Management. Once Computer Management is running, select the Storage option from the tree in the left hand pane followed by Disk Management. In the disk management interface, right click on the volume in the graphical view to which disk quotas are to be applied. From the resulting menu, select Properties. In the Properties dialog click on the Quota tab to display the quota settings for the current volume:


Configuring the disk quota properties of an NTFS volume


As illustrated in the above figure, disk quota are disabled by default. The first step, therefore, is to set the Enable quota management check box. Once selected, the other settings will activate so that they can changed. The first setting controls whether users will be denied disk space when the specified limit is reached. If not selected, the user will simply receive a warning. The Limit disk space to setting allows the amount of allowed space for users to set using either KB, MB, GB, TB, PB or EB. Set the desired limit for this setting and then decide on a limit level at which the user will receive a warning. This value enables you to have a warning issued to the user as they approach the limit giving them time to free up space before they are denied space. Typically the warning level should be set to trigger when the user reaches 85 - 95% of the of the quota limit. The final settings allow the administrator to control whether events are recorded in the logs when users receive warnings or exceed specified limits.

On completion of the quota settings, click on Apply to apply the settings. Windows will subsequently display a dialog warning that the disk quota system needs to be enabled before the settings can take affect. Respond affirmatively to enable changes and implement the settings.


Configuring Disk Quotas for Individual Users

As previously mentioned, disk quotas on a volume apply, by default, to all users storing data on that volume (with the exception of members of the Administrators group). It is, however, possible to customize quota limits for individual users. To achieve this return, once again, to Disk Management in the Computer Management tool, right click on the volume in question and select Properties. In the Properties dialog select the Quota tab and then click on the Quota Entries button to display the quota entries dialog for the selected volume:


Viewing Windows Server 2008 Disk Quota Entries