A Guided Tour of the Fedora GNOME Desktop
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In this chapter of Fedora Desktop Essentials we will provide a guided tour of the Fedora GNOME Desktop. The purpose of this overview is to provide a detailed explanation of how the desktop works and what the various area, menus and icons are for. As each area is described you will be referred to a subsequent chapter where the configuration of that particular feature or function will be detailed.
The Fedora GNOME Desktop
Once you have entered a valid username and password the login process will initiate and the Fedora GNOME Desktop will load. The amount of time it takes before the desktop appears will depend on a variety of factors, not the least of which are processor speed and memory. The more memory installed in the system and the faster the processor, the quicker the desktop will appear. The following figure shows a new, unaltered Fedora desktop immediately after a successful log in. Do not worry if your background does not look the same as the one shown below. The Fedora Project team change the background with every release.
Assuming you have now logged successfully into a Fedora GNOME Desktop session, and have a screen in front of you similar to the one shown above we can begin to explore the desktop in more detail.
The Desktop Background
The desktop background constitutes the swirling graphics in the above figure. Fedora 8 introduced the concept of a dynamically changing desktop background. In Fedora 8 the background changes color gradually as the day progresses. If you don't like the default desktop you can change it to either a selection of pre-installed images, or to a digital picture or image of your choosing. To find out more about customizing the background read Changing the Fedora GNOME Desktop Background chapter.
The desktop also provides a location for folders and applications for which quick access is required. A link to the users home folder is added to the desktop by default, as are the Computer and Trash icons. The former provides access to storage devices and the network. The latter contains any files that have been placed in the trash can. For more details on these desktop features refer to Browsing My Computer, Files and Folders on the Fedora Desktop.
Clicking with the right mouse button on any area of the desktop background presents the following popup menu containing a number of useful options for changing or adding items to the Fedora GNOME desktop:
- Create Folder - Creates a new folder on the desktop. A new folder icon appears on the desktop with a field provided for the user to enter a folder name. The folder is physically located in the Desktop folder of the user's home directory.
- Create Launcher - Allows an icon to be placed on the desktop which, when double clicked, launches a specified application. Another way to add application launchers to the desktop is to find them in the menu systems at the top of the screen, right click on them and select Add this launcher to desktop.
- Create Document - Creates a new document on the desktop (the resulting file is physically located in the Desktop folder of the current user's home directory).
- Clean Up by Name - Sorts and organizes the desktop icons in alphabetical order.
- Keep Aligned - A toggle setting which dictates whether icons should be neatly aligned on the desktop or allowed to be placed arbitrarily around the desktop.
- Change Desktop Background - Allows a different background image to be specified.
Right clicking on an icon produces the following menu allowing tasks to be performed on the selected item:
The Desktop Panels
The bars across the top and bottom of the desktop are called panels. Both the content and position of thes panels can be configured, a topic which is covered in detail in the Configuring the Fedora Desktop Panels chapter of this book.
By default the top panel appears as follows:
The Application menu provides access to the applications installed in the system. This menu also includes an option to add or remove additional applications.
The Places menu provides a list of locations which, when selected, are opened in a file browser windows. Available locations include devices (such as disk or CD/DVD Drives), the current user's home folder and other systems on the network. The System menu provides options for configuring the system and desktop enviromnemt (including factors such as desktop theme and screen resolution).
The right hand side of the panel includes the name of the current user, the date and time and a volume control. Also present is an icon for the Tomboy Notes system (a Post-It Note system for the desktop). Finally, the panel contains an icon indicating whether operating system updates are available. If updates are available, this icon is often accompanied by a notification dialog when the user first logs in:
Click on View Updates to list and apply the recent updates to the system.
In the world of Linux, certain tasks can only be performed by a special, privileged user (known as root or super-user). These tasks typically involve making changes to the system configuration which will effect all users, not just the current user. Often, when attempting to make such a configuration change you will be prompted to enter the root password in order to proceed. Once one application is running on the desktop with root privileges, other applications may be run without re-entering the root password. To signify that the desktop is in this mode an icon resembling a police badge appears on the top panel as shown below:
As soon as the last application with root permission exits the icon will disappear and the root password will be required for future system-wide configuration changes.
The bottom desktop panel contains three items by default but may similarly be configured as described in Configuring the Fedora Desktop Panels. By default the panel appears as follows:
The icon on the far left of the panel is used to hide and show all windows on the desktop. The area containing squares controls the currently displayed virtual workspace. The Fedora GNOME desktop allows multiple workspaces to be active at any one time which different applications visible on different workspaces. To switch to a different desktop, simply click on one of the squares in the bottom toolbar. If your mouse as a scroll wheel, click on a workspace in the panel and then scroll back and forth through the workspaces. By default four workspaces are configured though this number can be increased or decreased (see Configuring the Fedora Desktop Panels).
The final item on the bottom panel is the trash can. Items may be dragged and dropped into the trash can. Right click on the icon to access options to open or empty the trash can.
Now that we have covered the basics of the desktop we can begin looking at customizing the desktop. The first stop involves Changing the Fedora GNOME Desktop Background.
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