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		<id>https://www.techotopia.com/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=An_Introduction_to_Auto_Layout_in_iOS_8</id>
		<title>An Introduction to Auto Layout in iOS 8 - Revision history</title>
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		<updated>2026-05-07T19:00:53Z</updated>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://www.techotopia.com/index.php?title=An_Introduction_to_Auto_Layout_in_iOS_8&amp;diff=31590&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Neil: /* Three Ways to Create Constraints */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.techotopia.com/index.php?title=An_Introduction_to_Auto_Layout_in_iOS_8&amp;diff=31590&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2016-11-10T04:21:53Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;‎&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Three Ways to Create Constraints&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&#039;diff diff-contentalign-left&#039;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&#039;diff-marker&#039; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&#039;diff-content&#039; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&#039;diff-marker&#039; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&#039;diff-content&#039; /&gt;
				&lt;tr style=&#039;vertical-align: top;&#039; lang=&#039;en&#039;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&#039;2&#039; style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&#039;2&#039; style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 04:21, 10 November 2016&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l60&quot; &gt;Line 60:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 60:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;htmlet&amp;gt;ios10&amp;lt;/htmlet&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;htmlet&amp;gt;ios10&amp;lt;/htmlet&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Three Ways to Create Constraints ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Three Ways to Create Constraints ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;htmlet&amp;gt;adsdaqbox_flow&amp;lt;/htmlet&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;There are three ways in which constraints in a user interface layout can be created:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;There are three ways in which constraints in a user interface layout can be created:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l69&quot; &gt;Line 69:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 69:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;• &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Writing API code&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; – This approach involves directly writing code to create constraints using the standard programming API calls, the topic of this is covered in Implementing iOS Auto Layout Constraints in Code. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;• &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Writing API code&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; – This approach involves directly writing code to create constraints using the standard programming API calls, the topic of this is covered in Implementing iOS Auto Layout Constraints in Code. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Wherever possible, Interface Builder is the recommended approach to creating constraints. When creating constraints in code, the visual format language is generally recommended over the API based approach. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Wherever possible, Interface Builder is the recommended approach to creating constraints. When creating constraints in code, the visual format language is generally recommended over the API based approach.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Constraints in more Detail ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Constraints in more Detail ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Neil</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.techotopia.com/index.php?title=An_Introduction_to_Auto_Layout_in_iOS_8&amp;diff=31179&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Neil at 17:45, 2 November 2016</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.techotopia.com/index.php?title=An_Introduction_to_Auto_Layout_in_iOS_8&amp;diff=31179&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2016-11-02T17:45:55Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&#039;diff diff-contentalign-left&#039;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&#039;diff-marker&#039; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&#039;diff-content&#039; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&#039;diff-marker&#039; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&#039;diff-content&#039; /&gt;
				&lt;tr style=&#039;vertical-align: top;&#039; lang=&#039;en&#039;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&#039;2&#039; style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&#039;2&#039; style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 17:45, 2 November 2016&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l65&quot; &gt;Line 65:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 65:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;• &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Interface Builder&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; – Interface Builder has been modified extensively to provide support for the visual implementation of Auto Layout constraints in user interface designs. Examples of using this approach are covered in the [[Working with iOS 8 Auto Layout Constraints in Interface Builder|Working with iOS Auto Layout Constraints in Interface Builder]] and [[An iOS 8 Auto Layout Example|An iOS 10 Auto Layout Example]] chapters of this book.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;• &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Interface Builder&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; – Interface Builder has been modified extensively to provide support for the visual implementation of Auto Layout constraints in user interface designs. Examples of using this approach are covered in the [[Working with iOS 8 Auto Layout Constraints in Interface Builder|Working with iOS Auto Layout Constraints in Interface Builder]] and [[An iOS 8 Auto Layout Example|An iOS 10 Auto Layout Example]] chapters of this book.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;• &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Visual Format Language&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; – The visual format language defines a syntax that allows constraints to be declared using a sequence of ASCII characters that visually approximate the nature of the constraint being created with the objective of making constraints in code both easier to write and understand. Use of the visual format language is documented in the chapter entitled &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/del&gt;Understanding the iOS &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;8 &lt;/del&gt;Auto Layout Visual Format &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Language in Swift|Understanding the iOS Auto Layout Visual Format]] &lt;/del&gt;Language.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;• &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Visual Format Language&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; – The visual format language defines a syntax that allows constraints to be declared using a sequence of ASCII characters that visually approximate the nature of the constraint being created with the objective of making constraints in code both easier to write and understand. Use of the visual format language is documented in the chapter entitled Understanding the iOS Auto Layout Visual Format Language.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;• &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Writing API code&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; – This approach involves directly writing code to create constraints using the standard programming API calls, the topic of this is covered in &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/del&gt;Implementing iOS &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;8 &lt;/del&gt;Auto Layout Constraints in &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Swift &lt;/del&gt;Code&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;|Implementing iOS Auto Layout Constraints in Code]]&lt;/del&gt;. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;• &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Writing API code&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; – This approach involves directly writing code to create constraints using the standard programming API calls, the topic of this is covered in Implementing iOS Auto Layout Constraints in Code. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Wherever possible, Interface Builder is the recommended approach to creating constraints. When creating constraints in code, the visual format language is generally recommended over the API based approach. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Wherever possible, Interface Builder is the recommended approach to creating constraints. When creating constraints in code, the visual format language is generally recommended over the API based approach. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Neil</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.techotopia.com/index.php?title=An_Introduction_to_Auto_Layout_in_iOS_8&amp;diff=31169&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Neil at 14:03, 2 November 2016</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.techotopia.com/index.php?title=An_Introduction_to_Auto_Layout_in_iOS_8&amp;diff=31169&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2016-11-02T14:03:10Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&#039;diff diff-contentalign-left&#039;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&#039;diff-marker&#039; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&#039;diff-content&#039; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&#039;diff-marker&#039; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&#039;diff-content&#039; /&gt;
				&lt;tr style=&#039;vertical-align: top;&#039; lang=&#039;en&#039;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&#039;2&#039; style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&#039;2&#039; style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 14:03, 2 November 2016&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot; &gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{#pagetitle: An Introduction to Auto Layout in iOS 10 }}&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;seo title=&amp;quot;An Introduction to Auto Layout in iOS 10&amp;quot; titlemode=&amp;quot;replace&amp;quot; keywords=&amp;quot;ios 10, swift 3, auto layout, xcode 8&amp;quot;&amp;#160; description=&amp;quot;An introduction to the use of the Auto Layout features of Xcode 8 and iOS 10 to create adaptive user interfaces&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/seo&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;table border=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;table border=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;tr&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;tr&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;td width=&amp;quot;20%&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Understanding &lt;/del&gt;iOS 8 &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Views, Windows and the View Hierarchy&lt;/del&gt;|Previous]]&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[iOS 8 App Development Essentials|Table of Contents]]&amp;lt;td width=&amp;quot;20%&amp;quot; align=&amp;quot;right&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[Working with iOS 8 Auto Layout Constraints in Interface Builder|Next]]&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;td width=&amp;quot;20%&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Creating an Interactive &lt;/ins&gt;iOS 8 &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;App (Swift)&lt;/ins&gt;|Previous]]&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[iOS 8 App Development Essentials|Table of Contents]]&amp;lt;td width=&amp;quot;20%&amp;quot; align=&amp;quot;right&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[Working with iOS 8 Auto Layout Constraints in Interface Builder|Next]]&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;tr&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;tr&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;td width=&amp;quot;20%&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Understanding &lt;/del&gt;iOS &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;8 Views, Windows and the View Hierarchy&lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;td width=&amp;quot;20%&amp;quot; align=&amp;quot;right&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Working with iOS &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;8 &lt;/del&gt;Auto Layout Constraints in Interface Builder&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;td width=&amp;quot;20%&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Creating an Interactive &lt;/ins&gt;iOS &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;10 App&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;td width=&amp;quot;20%&amp;quot; align=&amp;quot;right&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Working with iOS &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;10 &lt;/ins&gt;Auto Layout Constraints in Interface Builder&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;/table&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;/table&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l131&quot; &gt;Line 131:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 133:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;table border=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;table border=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;tr&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;tr&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;td width=&amp;quot;20%&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Understanding &lt;/del&gt;iOS 8 &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Views, Windows and the View Hierarchy&lt;/del&gt;|Previous]]&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[iOS 8 App Development Essentials|Table of Contents]]&amp;lt;td width=&amp;quot;20%&amp;quot; align=&amp;quot;right&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[Working with iOS 8 Auto Layout Constraints in Interface Builder|Next]]&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;td width=&amp;quot;20%&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Creating an Interactive &lt;/ins&gt;iOS 8 &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;App (Swift)&lt;/ins&gt;|Previous]]&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[iOS 8 App Development Essentials|Table of Contents]]&amp;lt;td width=&amp;quot;20%&amp;quot; align=&amp;quot;right&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[Working with iOS 8 Auto Layout Constraints in Interface Builder|Next]]&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;tr&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;tr&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;td width=&amp;quot;20%&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Understanding &lt;/del&gt;iOS &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;8 Views, Windows and the View Hierarchy&lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;td width=&amp;quot;20%&amp;quot; align=&amp;quot;right&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Working with iOS &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;8 &lt;/del&gt;Auto Layout Constraints in Interface Builder&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;td width=&amp;quot;20%&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Creating an Interactive &lt;/ins&gt;iOS &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;10 App&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;td align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;td width=&amp;quot;20%&amp;quot; align=&amp;quot;right&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Working with iOS &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;10 &lt;/ins&gt;Auto Layout Constraints in Interface Builder&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;/table&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;/table&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Neil</name></author>	</entry>

Exception encountered, of type &quot;Error&quot;<br />
[eb984b74] /index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=An_Introduction_to_Auto_Layout_in_iOS_8   Error from line 434 of /var/www/techotopia/includes/diff/DairikiDiff.php: Call to undefined function each()<br />
Backtrace:<br />
#0 /var/www/techotopia/includes/diff/DairikiDiff.php(544): DiffEngine-&gt;diag()<br />
#1 /var/www/techotopia/includes/diff/DairikiDiff.php(344): DiffEngine-&gt;compareSeq()<br />
#2 /var/www/techotopia/includes/diff/DairikiDiff.php(227): DiffEngine-&gt;diffLocal()<br />
#3 /var/www/techotopia/includes/diff/DairikiDiff.php(721): DiffEngine-&gt;diff()<br />
#4 /var/www/techotopia/includes/diff/DifferenceEngine.php(879): Diff-&gt;__construct()<br />
#5 /var/www/techotopia/includes/diff/DifferenceEngine.php(797): DifferenceEngine-&gt;generateTextDiffBody()<br />
#6 /var/www/techotopia/includes/diff/DifferenceEngine.php(728): DifferenceEngine-&gt;generateContentDiffBody()<br />
#7 /var/www/techotopia/includes/diff/DifferenceEngine.php(662): DifferenceEngine-&gt;getDiffBody()<br />
#8 /var/www/techotopia/includes/FeedUtils.php(155): DifferenceEngine-&gt;getDiff()<br />
#9 /var/www/techotopia/includes/actions/HistoryAction.php(325): FeedUtils::formatDiffRow()<br />
#10 /var/www/techotopia/includes/actions/HistoryAction.php(290): HistoryAction-&gt;feedItem()<br />
#11 /var/www/techotopia/includes/actions/HistoryAction.php(130): HistoryAction-&gt;feed()<br />
#12 /var/www/techotopia/includes/actions/FormlessAction.php(43): HistoryAction-&gt;onView()<br />
#13 /var/www/techotopia/includes/MediaWiki.php(490): FormlessAction-&gt;show()<br />
#14 /var/www/techotopia/includes/MediaWiki.php(287): MediaWiki-&gt;performAction()<br />
#15 /var/www/techotopia/includes/MediaWiki.php(714): MediaWiki-&gt;performRequest()<br />
#16 /var/www/techotopia/includes/MediaWiki.php(508): MediaWiki-&gt;main()<br />
#17 /var/www/techotopia/index.php(41): MediaWiki-&gt;run()<br />
#18 {main}<br />

